Journal of Translational Research in Urology
Volume:1 Issue: 1, Summer 2019

The effectiveness of arsenic trioxide (ATO) in treating blood diseases is one of the most striking developments in modern medicine. One of the most important benefits of ATO is the failure of bone marrow suppression. ATO has been proposed as a novel and effective medicine for cancer prevention and treatment with various functions including, induction of apoptosis through re-activating the Wnt inhibitor, growth inhibition via activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathway, autophagy stimulation, induction of cell differentiation and angiogenesis via vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA)-VEGFR2-PI3K/ extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) signaling path in cancer cells and ATO may be involved in the acetylation of histones and interfering with gene transcription. ATO can increase the synergistic effect in treatment and increased antitumor effects on prostate cancer cells via inhibiting Akt/mTOR signaling pathways, and so, ATO in combination with inhibiting glutathione synthesis can treat bladder cancer epithelial cells effectively.

Introduction Renal cysts are sacs of fluid with a thin wall usually with no symptoms and have no connection to the renal calyx. Another renal lesion that can be misdiagnosed with cysts is the calyceal diverticulum with a connection to the renal calyx. The new approach of laparoscopic injection of methylene blue can help the surgeon distinguish renal cysts from a calyceal diverticulum in a patient with no double J (Dj/JJ).Case presentationA 52-years patient with a 15 cm lesion underwent laparoscopic surgery of a renal cyst. Surgery was done in the flank position and the peritoneoscopy was performed after cyst reveal. At the bottoms of the cyst, several small cysts were observed so we inject methylene blue to make it clear this lesion was exactly cysts, not calyceal diverticulum. When it was proven that there is no leaking of blue color to the renal calyx through the catheter. The cyst was revealed and was removed and sent for pathology.ConclusionsIn our study, the laparoscopic injection of methylene blue indicated no connection with renal calyx so the lesion is renal cysts.  So it can be a new approach for distinguishing cyst from a calyceal diverticulum.

As it seems, patients with urinary stones have calcium metabolism deficiencies which lead to excessive calcium absorption from their bones. This phenomenon may expose these individuals to osteoporosis. This study was performed to evaluate the bone mineral density (BMD) in patients with urinary stones in Iran.

This study is an analytical case-control study performed in Sina hospital from March 2016 to January 2018. Twenty-four male patients between the ages of 30 and 50, who had recurrent urinary tract stones were enrolled in the study. The control group was selected from the same age and sex group with no history of urinary stone formation. The diet was similar in the two groups. The sampling method was non-random. Age and BMI were considered confounding variables. After completing the questionnaire, BMD of the lumbar spine (L4 L2) and the femoral neck was measured. The data were analyzed using linear regression and t-test.

In both regions, BMD was significantly lower in patients compared to the control group (p-value<0.01). Besides, there was a significant correlation between duration of urinary stone and BMD in each of the mentioned areas (p-value<0.001, r=-0.73 in the lumbar spine, p-value.

Reduction of bone density in patients with recurrent urinary stones may indicate a primary impairment in bone metabolism of these individuals. Considering that 30% of patients have osteopenia and, in general, patients with urinary stones are not allowed to use calcium, it is necessary to eliminate calcium from their diets only after complete analysis.

The purpose of the current study was to investigate the separation of the bacterial factors of men’s urinary tract infections using the prostate massage technique and comparing them with the initial-stream urine, midstream urine, and end-stream urine in Tehran’s Health Centers. 

In this study, samples were collected from 50 men with genital-urinary tract defects who were referred to medical centers. During sampling, demographic information, medical history, and drugs are taken were asked from patients. Prostate secretions and first-void urine (VB1) were collected from the first 25 patients; prostate secretions and VB1, midstream urine (VB2), and end-stream urine (VB3) were collected from the second 25 patients.

Using prostate secretions culture, out of the first 25 samples, 7 samples (28%) were infected by Mycoplasma hominis and 9 samples (36%) were infected by Ureaplasma urealyticum. using VB1 culture it was analyzed that 6 samples (24%) were infected by Mycoplasma hominis and 8 samples (32%) were infected by Ureaplasma urealyticum. In the second 25 samples, Bacterial contamination was seen in 23 samples (92%) by prostate secretions culture. VB1 culture showed bacterial contamination in 14 samples (56%). VB2 and VB3 cultures showed bacterial contamination in 3 (12%) and only 2 samples (8%), respectively.

In conclusion, the results obtained from the prostate secretions culture were more accurate and precise than the VB1 culture, but they were close to each other. Therefore, instead of using prostate massage which can be irritating for the patients or if the patient does not have prostate secretions, VB1 culture can be used.

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common type of kidney tumor. The extra-renal type has been previously reported only by few studies. In this type of RCC, cancerous tissue is present in regions other than the kidney. Here we present an isolated renal mass (RM), which was primarily diagnosed as an adrenal mass.

A 52-year-old male presented with left flank pain, without weight loss, visible hematuria, and hydronephrosis was the case of this study. Computed tomography (CT) scan revealed a mass that could be either an adrenal tumor, retroperitoneal diagnosis, or a renal upper bridge tumor. The kidney mass was seen above the junction of the middle and upper renal bridges. Its surrounding was liberated from the Gerota. The kidney mass was independent and encapsulated of the kidney but adhered to its surface. It was gradually released from the capsule and was extracted. The capsule beneath the mass was intact, and the site had no bleeding. The mass was then placed in endobag and removed from port ten and the entrance of port ten was sutured during a six-month follow-up there was no hydronephrosis and no evidence of urinoma around the kidney.

Rare cases of extrarenal RCC which attach to the kidney Can be removed without any damage to the kidney.

Some tests and markers have proved to improve the diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa). This meta-analysis aimed to review the diagnostic accuracy of three commercial tests, prostate health index (PHI), prostate cancer antigen 3 (PCA3), and prostate imaging reporting & data system V2 (PI-RADS) for detecting of PCa.

We did a comprehensive literature search of international databases including Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed from January 2000 to Feb 2018. We included three groups of diagnostic accuracy studies that used PCA3, PHI, and PI-RADS to assess PCa. The l quality of the study was measured by the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS-2) criteria.

Twenty-six studies on PHI, 24 articles on PI-RADS, and 26 papers on PCA3 were included for the meta-analysis. For the diagnosis of PCa, the sensitivity and specificity were 0.76 and 0.84 for PI-RADS, 0.48 and 0.85 for PHI, 0.49 and 0.79 for PCA3. Also, the derived area under curves (AUC) from the hierarchic summary ROCs (HSROCs) were 0.86 (95% CI, 0.83-0.89) for PI-RADS, 0.72 (0.68-0.76) for PCA3, and 0.70 (0.66-0.74) for PHI. Fagan’s nomograms showed that the post-test probability of cancer subjects with a positive test was 53%, 63%, and 45%, for PHI, PI-RADS, and PCA3 respectively.

Currently, available evidence suggests that the PI-RADS is superior in the diagnosis of PCa with high sensitivity, specificity, and AUC compared to PHI and PCA3.

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a collective word for diseases involving any portion of the urinary tract and it’s the most common infection in local primary care that has suffered from it by up to 60 percent of females and has at least one symptomatic UTI in a lifetime. UTI can have consequences like a kidney infection, infections of the urinary tract, and eventually, toxic septicemia. UTI is often confused with wide-spectrum antibiotics, so it is imperative to characterize resistance patterns to enhance in-vitro antibiotic strategies. According to previous studies, the use of anticholinergics to relieve UTI symptoms has never been investigated. This research is the first randomized trial of anticholinergic like solifenacin succinate (with a strong affinity for smooth muscle receptors M3) to be used to treat and improve UTI.

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is a standard treatment method for large choroidal stones with a shorter hospital stay than surgical procedures. After PCNL, a nephrostomy tube is placed for better discharge urine, prevent bleeding, and allow for further possible operations, which is can be the major cause of pain and discomfort for the patient. Paravertebral block (PVB) is a successful, non-complicating local anesthetic that is used in many surgical procedures to manage pain. It is suggested that the use of PVB in reducing pain after PCNL has had good results. In the previous study, the important problem of post-PCNL pain reduction has been properly managed by the PVB method and its high efficacy contrary to tramadol has been demonstrated. Evaluation of the PVB method is a good choice in this regard, but the question arises as to why Tramadol is selected as a method compared to PVB.

Cavernous malformations can result in erectile dysfunction and sex disability. Several treatment strategies are available and we introduce a novel surgery method with vascular mesh.

A 23-years old man had a normal erection but he was not able to perform coitus and his penis bent. He was operated on for ventral chordee with a misdiagnosis of chordee and then treated with an injection of papaverine because of the misdiagnosis of erectile dysfunction (ED), but the problem remained unsolved. We decide to have a novel surgery method using vascular mesh. Our surgery was completely successful and our new method of surgery can take the place of penile implant for such cases.

Our technique with vascular mesh can be considered as the most efficient method to make the cavernous retain its normal function.